Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition that affects the female reproductive system. While some people with PCOS may develop small fluid-filled sacs (i.e., immature follicles) along the outer edge of their ovaries, the condition is characterized by an imbalance in reproductive hormones. This imbalance can lead to a wide range of symptoms and health problems, including irregularities in ovulation and menstrual cycles.
To better understand PCOS and its effects on the body, it’s important to know which hormones are involved in this complex condition.
Key hormones in PCOS
Although the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, imbalances in certain hormones play a significant role. Let's explore some of the key players:
- Androgens: Higher levels of these male hormones (like testosterone) can disrupt ovulation, leading to irregular or missed periods. They can also cause acne and excess hair growth
- Insulin: PCOS is linked to high levels of insulin, a hormone that helps your body process glucose (sugar) for energy. If cells become resistant to insulin, blood sugar levels rise, causing the body to make more insulin to try to control blood sugar levels. Excess insulin contributes to higher levels of androgens, potentially leading to issues with ovulation and other common PCOS symptoms
- Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen and progesterone: LH plays a crucial role in the production of progesterone and estrogen, while FSH controls the development and release of eggs in the ovary. In those with PCOS, an imbalance of reproductive hormones may lead to PCOS symptoms
How hormonal imbalances affect your health
The hormonal imbalances associated with PCOS can lead to various symptoms and health issues:
- Irregular or missed periods
- Infertility
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Extra hair growth on the face or body (i.e., hirsutism)
- Acne
- Thinning hair on the head
- Weight gain
- Dark patches on the skin
- Metabolic health issues (i.e., higher risk of Type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure due to insulin resistance)
Testing your hormone levels
If you think you may be experiencing hormonal imbalances or symptoms of PCOS, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare provider, such as a gynecologist or endocrinologist. They can help determine the underlying cause of your symptoms and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
For those interested in learning more about their hormone levels, Labcorp OnDemand offers a PCOS Hormone Test that measures several key hormones associated with the condition. However, it's important to remember that hormonal imbalances can be related to various health concerns, not just PCOS, and this test alone cannot diagnose PCOS or any other reproductive health condition. Diagnosing PCOS is complex and involves a clinical assessment of multiple factors and symptoms. Healthcare providers consider your health history and may order a pelvic ultrasound, in addition to checking different hormone levels. Always consult with a healthcare provider if you have questions or concerns about your test results.
By understanding the role of hormones in PCOS, you can take an active role in managing your reproductive health and overall well-being.
